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hardware address是mac地址嗎
hardware address是mac地址 。MAC地址也叫硬件地址（hardware address）或物理地址 。當網卡插入（或嵌入）到某臺計算機后，網卡上的MAC地址即成為這臺計算機的MAC地址 。MAC地址的長度為48位（6個字節），通常表示為12個16進制數，只要不更改自己的MAC地址，MAC地址在世界是唯一的 。形象地說，MAC地址就如同身份證上的身份證號碼，具有唯一性 。
如何修改mac硬件地址地址（1）Win2003/XP/2000
點擊“開始”/運行 ， 輸入regedit打開注冊表，定位到HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class\{4D36E972-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}\0000、0001、0002等主鍵下，查找DriverDesc的內容 ， 了解網卡使用了哪個主鍵（例如0001），如果主鍵下有params項 ， 則該主鍵也是網卡所使用的；
【hardware address是mac地址嗎】例如網卡使用了0001主鍵 ， 因此我們就選中它 ， 在其右邊建一個字符串項（名為NetworkAddress），雙擊該串，輸入你指定的MAC地址值（注意應該是12位的連續數字或字母，其間沒有-號）；在0001下的NDI\params中添加一項子鍵（名為NetworkAddress），選擇該子鍵，在其右邊添加名為default的字符串，鍵值為修改后的MAC地址，與上面的數值相同；修改后重啟生效
惠普m404dn打印機參數
查找您的打印機的 MAC 地址
第一步：
按“Windows”鍵，選擇“設備和打印機”，然后從“結果”列表中選擇你的打印機設備 。
第二步；
右鍵選中的打印機，然后從彈出菜單中選擇“打印機屬性” 。
第三步：
在彈出的屬性中，選擇【web 服務】選項卡 。
第四步：
你將可以在web屬性下方看到打印機的唯一MAC標識符 。
MAC地址格式示例如：“00-1d-7e-e8-d7-27” 。
查找您的打印機的 IP 地址
第一步：
按“Windows”鍵，輸入：CMD；打開命令提示符 。
第二步：
在命令提示符處輸入“arp -a”（不帶引號），然后按“Enter” 。向下滾動列表，直到您看到打印機的 MAC 地址 。在您的打印機的 MAC 地址旁邊對應的就是IP地址 。
第三步：
接下來我們就可以通過IP地址，在瀏覽器中打開IP即可進入打印機的web服務配置了 。
什么是mac地址和ip地址
MAC地址1212
MAC（Media Access Control, 介質訪問控制）MAC地址是燒錄在Network Interface Card(網卡,NIC)里的.MAC地址,也叫硬件地址,是由48比特長(6字節),16進制的數字組成.0-23位是由廠家自己分配.24-47位,叫做組織唯一標志符(organizationally unique ，是識別LAN（局域網）節點的標識 。其中第40位是組播地址標志位 。網卡的物理地址通常是由網卡生產廠家燒入網卡的EPROM（一種閃存芯片，通?？梢酝ㄟ^程序擦寫），它存儲的是傳輸數據時真正賴以標識發出數據的電腦和接收數據的主機的地址 。
也就是說，在網絡底層的物理傳輸過程中 ， 是通過物理地址來識別主機的，它一般也是全球唯一的 。比如，著名的以太網卡，其物理地址是48bit（比特位）的整數，如：44-45-53-54-00-00,以機器可讀的方式存入主機接口中 。以太網地址管理機構(除了管這個外還管別的)（IEEE）（IEEEE：電氣和電子工程師協會）將以太網地址 ， 也就是48比特的不同組合，分為若干獨立的連續地址組，生產以太網網卡的廠家就購買其中一組，具體生產時，逐個將唯一地址賦予以太網卡 。
形象的說 ， MAC地址就如同我們身份證上的身份證號碼，具有全球唯一性 。
如何獲取本機的MAC？
對于數量不多的幾臺機器，我們可以這樣獲取MAC地址：在Windows 98/Me中，依次單擊“開始”→“運行” →輸入“winipcfg”→回車 。即可看到MAC地址 。
在Windows 2000/XP中，依次單擊“開始”→“運行”→輸入“CMD”→回車→輸入“ipconfig /all”→回車 。即可看到MAC地址 。
修改網卡MAC地址的方法
其實更改網卡MAC地址的功能不論98、2000還是XP，都已經提供了，只是平時大家都沒有注意到而以 。下面我就說說怎么更改 。很簡單哦 。。。
好了 ， 現在先來看看WIN2000 。在桌面上網上鄰居圖標上點右鍵，選"屬性" ， 在出來的"網絡和撥號連接"窗口中一般有兩個圖標，一個是"新建連接"圖標，一個是"我的連接"圖標 。如果你的機器上有兩個網卡的話，那就有三個圖標了 。如果你只有一個網卡 ， 那就在"我的連接"圖標上點右鍵，選"屬性"，會出來一個"我的連接 屬性"的窗口 。在圖口上部有一個"連接時使用："的標識，下面就是你機器上的網卡型號了 。在下面有一個"配置"按鈕，點擊該按鈕后就進入了網卡的屬性對話框了，這個對話框中有五個屬性頁，點擊第二項"高級"頁，在"屬性"標識下有兩項：一個是"Link Speed/Duplex Mode",這是設置網卡工作速率的，我們需要改的是下面一個"Network Address",點擊該項，在對話框右邊的"值"標識下有兩個單選項，默認得是"不存在" ，我們只要選中上面一個單選項，然后在右邊的框中輸入你想改的網卡MAC地址 ， 點"確定" ， 等待一會兒，網卡地址就改好了，你甚至不用停用網卡！
另外，你也可以在"設置管理器"中，打開網卡的屬性頁來修改 ， 效果一樣 。WINXP的修改方法跟WIN2000一樣 。
在98下面修改和WIN2000、XP下差不多 。在"網上鄰居"圖標上點右鍵，選擇"屬性"，出來一個"網絡"對話框 ， 在"配置"框中 ， 雙擊你要修改的網卡，出來一個網卡屬性對話框 。在"高級"選項中 ， 也是點擊"屬性"標識下的"Network Address"項，在右邊的兩個單選項中選擇上面一個，再在框中輸入你要修改的網卡MAC地址 ， 點"確定"后，系統會提示你重新啟動 。重新啟動后，你的網卡地址就告修改成功?。?br> 如果你想把網卡的MAC地址恢復原樣，只要再次把"Network Address"項右邊的單選項選擇為下面一個"沒有顯示"再重新啟動即可 。在WIN2000、XP下面是選擇"不存在"，當然也不用重新啟動了 。
In computer networking a Media Access Control address (MAC address) or Ethernet Hardware Address (EHA) or hardware address or adapter address is a quasi-unique identifier attached to most network adapters (NIC or Network Interface Card). It is a number that serves as an identifier for a particular network adapter. Thus network cards (or built-in network adapters) in two different computers will have different MAC addresses, as would an Ethernet adapter and a wireless adapter in the same computer, and as would multiple network cards in a router. However, it is possible to change the MAC address on most of today's hardware, often referred to as MAC spoofing.
Most layer 2 network protocols use one of three numbering spaces managed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE): MAC-48, EUI-48, and EUI-64, which are designed to be globally unique. Not all communications protocols use MAC addresses, and not all protocols require globally unique identifiers. The IEEE claims trademarks on the names "EUI-48" and "EUI-64" ("EUI" stands for Extended Unique Identifier).
MAC addresses, unlike IP addresses and IPX addresses, are not divided into "host" and "network" portions. Therefore, a host cannot determine from the MAC address of another host whether that host is on the same layer 2 network segment as the sending host or a network segment bridged to that network segment.
ARP is commonly used to convert from addresses in a layer 3 protocol such as Internet Protocol (IP) to the layer 2 MAC address. On broadcast networks, such as Ethernet, the MAC address allows each host to be uniquely identified and allows frames to be marked for specific hosts. It thus forms the basis of most of the layer 2 networking upon which higher OSI Layer protocols are built to produce complex, functioning networks.
Contents [hide]
1 Notational conventions
2 Address details
2.1 Individual address block
3 Bit-reversed notation
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
[edit] Notational conventions
The standard (IEEE 802) format for printing MAC-48 addresses in human-readable media is six groups of two hexadecimal digits, separated by hyphens (-) in transmission order, e.g. 01-23-45-67-89-ab. This form is also commonly used for EUI-64. Other conventions include six groups of two separated by colons (:), e.g. 01:23:45:67:89:ab; or three groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by dots (.), e.g. 0123.4567.89ab; again in transmission order.
[edit] Address details
The original IEEE 802 MAC address comes from the original Xerox Ethernet addressing scheme.[1] This 48-bit address space contains potentially 248 or 281,474,976,710,656 possible MAC addresses.
All three numbering systems use the same format and differ only in the length of the identifier. Addresses can either be "universally administered addresses" or "locally administered addresses."
A universally administered address is uniquely assigned to a device by its manufacturer; these are sometimes called "burned-in addresses" (BIA). The first three octets (in transmission order) identify the organization that issued the identifier and are known as the Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI). The following three (MAC-48 and EUI-48) or five (EUI-64) octets are assigned by that organization in nearly any manner they please, subject to the constraint of uniqueness. The IEEE expects the MAC-48 space to be exhausted no sooner than the year 2100; EUI-64s are not expected to run out in the foreseeable future.
A locally administered address is assigned to a device by a network administrator, overriding the burned-in address. Locally administered addresses do not contain OUIs.
Universally administered and locally administered addresses are distinguished by setting the second least significant bit of the most significant byte of the address. If the bit is 0, the address is universally administered. If it is 1, the address is locally administered. The bit is 0 in all OUIs. For example, 02-00-00-00-00-01. The most significant byte is 02h. The binary is 00000010 and the second least significant bit is 1. Therefore, it is a locally administered address.[2]
If the least significant bit of the most significant byte is set to a 0, the packet is meant to reach only one receiving NIC. This is called unicast. If the least significant bit of the most significant byte is set to a 1, the packet is meant to be sent only once but still reach several NICs. This is called multicast.
MAC-48 and EUI-48 addresses are usually shown in hexadecimal format, with each octet separated by a dash or colon. An example of a MAC-48 address would be "00-08-74-4C-7F-1D". If you cross-reference the first three octets with IEEE's OUI assignments,[3] you can see that this MAC address came from Dell Computer Corp. The last three octets represent the serial number assigned to the adapter by the manufacturer.
The following technologies use the MAC-48 identifier format:
Ethernet
802.11 wireless networks
Bluetooth
IEEE 802.5 token ring
most other IEEE 802 networks
FDDI
ATM (switched virtual connections only, as part of an NSAP address)
Fibre Channel and Serial Attached SCSI (as part of a World Wide Name)
The distinction between EUI-48 and MAC-48 identifiers is purely semantic: MAC-48 is used for network hardware; EUI-48 is used to identify other devices and software. (Thus, by definition, an EUI-48 is not in fact a "MAC address", although it is syntactically indistinguishable from one and assigned from the same numbering space.)
The IEEE now considers the label MAC-48 to be an obsolete term which was previously used to refer to a specific type of EUI-48 identifier used to address hardware interfaces within existing 802-based networking applications and should not be used in the future. Instead, the term EUI-48 should be used for this purpose.
EUI-64 identifiers are used in:
FireWire
IPv6 (as the low-order 64 bits of a unicast network address when temporary addresses are not being used)
ZigBee / 802.15.4 wireless personal-area networks
The IEEE has built in several special address types to allow more than one Network Interface Card to be addressed at one time:
Packets sent to the broadcast address, all one bits, are received by all stations on a local area network. In hexadecimal the broadcast address would be "FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF".
Packets sent to a multicast address are received by all stations on a LAN that have been configured to receive packets sent to that address.
Functional addresses identify one of more Token Ring NICs that provide a particular service, defined in IEEE 802.5.
These are "group addresses", as opposed to "individual addresses"; the least significant bit of the first octet of a MAC address distinguishes individual addresses from group addresses. That bit is set to 0 in individual addresses and 1 in group addresses. Group addresses, like individual addresses, can be universally administered or locally administered.
In addition, the EUI-64 numbering system encompasses both MAC-48 and EUI-48 identifiers by a simple translation mechanism. To convert a MAC-48 into an EUI-64, copy the OUI, append the two octets "FF-FF", and then copy the organization-specified part. To convert an EUI-48 into an EUI-64, the same process is used, but the sequence inserted is "FF-FE". In both cases, the process can be trivially reversed when necessary. Organizations issuing EUI-64s are cautioned against issuing identifiers that could be confused with these forms. The IEEE policy is to discourage new uses of 48-bit identifiers in favor of the EUI-64 system.
IPv6—one of the most prominent standards that uses EUI-64—applies these rules inconsistently. Due to an error in the appendix to the specification of IPv6 addressing, it is standard practice to extend MAC-48 addresses (such as IEEE 802 MAC address) to EUI-64 using "FF-FE" rather than "FF-FF."
[edit] Individual address block
An Individual Address Block comprises a 24-bit OUI managed by the IEEE Registration Authority, followed by 12 IEEE-provided bits (identifying the organization), and 12 bits for the owner to assign to individual devices. An IAB is ideal for organizations requiring fewer than 4097 unique 48-bit numbers (EUI-48).[4]
[edit] Bit-reversed notation
The standard transmission order notation for MAC addresses, as seen in the output of the ifconfig command for example, is also called canonical format.
However, since IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet) and IEEE 802.4 (Token Bus) send the bits over the wire with least significant bit first, while IEEE 802.5 (Token Ring) and IEEE 802.6 send the bits over the wire with most significant bit first, confusion may arise where an address in the latter scenario is represented with bits reversed from the canonical representation. So for instance, an address whose canonical form is 12-34-56-78-9A-BC would be transmitted over the wire as bits 01001000 00101100 01101010 00011110 01011001 00111101 in the standard transmission order (least significant bit first). But for Token Ring networks, it would be transmitted as bits 00010010 00110100 01010110 01111000 10011010 10111100 in most significant bit first order. If care is not taken to translate correctly and consistently to the canonical representation, the latter might be displayed as 482C6A1E593D, which could cause confusion. This would be referred to as "Bit-reversed order", "Non-canonical form", "MSB format", "IBM format", or "Token Ring format" as explained by RFC 2469. Canonical form is preferred[who?].
[edit] See also
NSAP address, another endpoint addressing scheme.
Cisco Hot Standby Router Protocol or standard alternative VRRP Virtual router redundancy protocol, which allows multiple routers to share one IP address and MAC address to provide router redundancy. The OpenBSD project has an open source alternative, the Common Address Redundancy Protocol (CARP).
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